Wetlands and Groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are important natural systems that contribute to ecological and human well-being through the provisioning of ecosystem services such as supporting biodiversity, providing base flows to rivers, water purification, water supply and recreational opportunities. The Mediterranean basin hosts numerous inland and coastal GDE. However – despite their uniqueness – they are increasingly subject to anthropogenic pressures, resulting in degradation of their natural properties. These threats include both shortlived processes (e.g. over pumping and contamination) and long-term ones (e.g. climate change) and require sound scientific knowledge to implement sustainable protection measures. For this reason, the Summer School will cover different topics necessary to better asses the intricate relationships between the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere, for a comprehensive characterization of GDEs