Studies in molecular biology focus on the biochemical processes that compose the molecular machinery of life. The pathway that flows from DNA transcription to RNA translation to protein synthesis is one key area of study.

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic within the European Union, located in Southern Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia along the Alps.

Summer courses are often an avenue used by students to attain additional certificates or qualifications outside of the normal school year. Whether they are bridging the gap between levels of study or adding to a career knowledge base, these courses can be found in almost any area of study.